Chest Surgery
Thoracic Surgery
Thoracic surgery is a branch of medicine that deals with the trauma and surgical treatment of organs in the chest cavity, excluding the heart and major blood vessels. This field includes various surgical interventions for congenital issues, tumors, airway constrictions and obstructions, lung diseases, and problems related to the esophagus.
Treatments in Thoracic Surgery
Lung Tumor Surgery: Surgical removal of tumors in the lungs. These surgeries allow for early detection and effective treatment of tumors.
VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery): A minimally invasive technique that allows for inspection and intervention in the chest cavity through small incisions with the help of video.
Lobectomy: The surgical removal of the entire lobe of the lung where the tumor is located.
Pneumonectomy: The surgical removal of the entire lung affected by cancer.
Thymoma Surgery: Thymoma is a tumor that forms in the thymus gland, and this surgery involves removing the thymoma.
Lung Cancer Surgery: Various surgical methods used for the treatment of lung cancer, selected based on the tumor’s type, size, and spread.
Bronchoscopy: A method used to examine the airways. A device called a bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose to visualize the airways.
VATS Wedge Resection: The removal of a small portion of the lung containing the tumor, along with a small amount of healthy tissue around it.
Lung Biopsy: A procedure in which samples are taken from lung tissue for examination. This procedure is used to diagnose lung diseases.
Pectus Excavatum: A condition characterized by the inward depression of the chest, which is corrected surgically.
Pectus Carinatum: A condition in which the chest protrudes outward, treated through surgical intervention.
Lung Cancer Surgery
Lung Cancer Surgery
Lung cancer surgery is a critical procedure for the improvement of the disease. This method, which ensures the removal of cancerous cells from the body, is becoming more effective with laparoscopic techniques. Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death among all types of cancer, accounting for 21% of cancer-related deaths, and is one of the most common cancers. However, with appropriate treatment methods, there is a chance of recovery.
Causes of Lung Cancer
The primary cause of lung cancer is the consumption of tobacco and tobacco products. In 90% of individuals who use tobacco products, this disease is encountered, while the remaining 10% are affected by environmental factors. Since the growth and spread of tumor cells in the lungs affect vital functions, surgical intervention often becomes unavoidable.
Lung Cancer Surgery and Treatment
The early symptoms of lung cancer are generally not noticeable. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Robotic surgery stands out as an important option in the treatment of lung cancer. Robotic surgery offers the following advantages:
- It reduces post-surgery pain and lowers the risk of complications,
- Minimizes the use of painkillers,
- Shortens the hospital stay,
- Accelerates the return to normal daily activities.
Robotic surgery allows the surgeon to perform the operation more precisely and effectively. This method is notable for its high maneuverability and positive effects on the recovery process. After the surgery, additional treatment needs (such as chemotherapy) are determined after assessment by the doctor.
Lung Tumor Surgery
Lung Tumor Surgery
What is Lung Cancer?
Lung cancer occurs when cells in the lungs grow abnormally and begin to multiply uncontrollably. This disrupts the function of healthy cells and can impair vital functions. Lung cancer is often considered a fatal disease, requiring effective treatment.
Lung Tumor Surgery and Treatment
Lung tumor surgery is a treatment method aimed at lung cancer. This surgical intervention is performed using different techniques, depending on the size, location, and extent of the tumor's spread.
- Lobectomy: If the tumor is located in only one lobe of the lung, the surgical removal of that lobe is performed. This method successfully removes the area affected by the tumor and significantly contributes to the patient’s recovery.
- Pneumonectomy: If the tumor has spread throughout the entire lung, the entire lung must be removed. This procedure involves the complete removal of the lung and is used to improve the patient's quality of life.
- Combined Surgical Intervention: If the tumor affects not only the lung tissue but also the trachea and major blood vessels, these areas may also need to be removed. Such surgeries provide a more comprehensive intervention depending on the extent of the tumor's spread.
Risks of Lung Tumor Surgery
Lung tumor surgery carries some risks because it is performed in the chest area. The procedure typically involves an incision of 15-20 cm, made between the 5th and 6th ribs to access the lungs. The risks associated with the surgery are:
- Surgical Risks: Due to the sensitive location of the lungs, complications may arise during the operation. However, the risks of surgery can vary depending on the patient’s overall health and the extent of the tumor’s spread.
- Comparison with Chemotherapy: While chemotherapy is generally considered to be less risky than surgery, lung tumor surgery can provide more effective results in some patients.
Recovery Process
The recovery process after lung tumor surgery generally takes about 6 months. Effective execution of the surgery and adherence to the doctor's recommendations positively affect the recovery process. Any negative effects from the surgery can be minimized through careful monitoring and treatment.
Lung tumor surgery is an important treatment option for improving the patient's quality of life and achieving successful results in the fight against cancer. Early diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention increase the effectiveness of the treatment process.
Bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy
What is Bronchoscopy?
Bronchoscopy is a procedure used to diagnose and treat health issues in the lungs and airways. It can be performed under local anesthesia, although general anesthesia may be applied in some cases. The procedure is done using a thin, flexible camera tube that is inserted through the nose or mouth to reach the lungs and airways.
Why is Bronchoscopy Preferred?
Bronchoscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic method for various health issues in the lungs and airways. It is preferred in the following cases:
- Lung infections,
- Persistent coughs despite treatment,
- When a biopsy needs to be taken from the lungs,
- If there is suspicion of a lung tumor,
- For stent placement to open blocked airways,
- Detection and treatment of lung bleeding,
- Biopsy of lymph nodes,
- Removal of foreign objects causing airway obstruction.
Bronchoscopy is considered an effective method for diagnosing and treating such health issues and is carefully performed.
What You Need to Know About the Procedure
The bronchoscopy procedure typically takes about half an hour; however, including preparation and recovery time, the entire process may take approximately 3 hours. While it is generally considered a safe procedure, bleeding can occur in the biopsy area in some cases. Therefore, it is important to follow the surgeon's instructions before, during, and after the procedure. Generally, bronchoscopy does not significantly affect the patient's daily life, and successful results can be achieved.
Thoracic Surgery
Thoracic Surgery
Thoracic surgery is a medical field focused on the trauma and surgical treatment of organs in the thoracic cavity, excluding the heart and major blood vessels. This field includes various surgical interventions for congenital issues, tumors, airway stenosis and obstructions, lung diseases, and problems with the esophagus.
Treatments in Thoracic Surgery
Lung Tumor Surgery: This is the surgical removal of tumors that develop in the lungs. These surgeries help in early diagnosis and effective treatment of the tumors.
VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery): A minimally invasive technique that involves small incisions through which the thoracic cavity is examined and treated using video assistance.
Lobectomy: This is the surgical removal of the entire lobe of the lung where the tumor is located.
Pneumonectomy: This is the surgical removal of the entire affected lung in cases of lung cancer.
Thymoma Surgery: Thymoma is a tumor that develops in the thymus gland, and this surgical procedure is performed to remove the thymoma.
Lung Cancer Surgery: This involves various surgical methods used in the treatment of lung cancer. The methods chosen depend on the type, size, and spread of the tumor.
Bronchoscopy: A method used to examine the airways. A bronchoscope is a device that is passed through the mouth or nose to visualize the respiratory system.
VATS Wedge Resection: This procedure involves the removal of a small area of the lung containing the tumor, along with a small amount of surrounding healthy tissue.
Lung Biopsy: This involves obtaining samples from lung tissue for examination. It is used for diagnosing lung diseases.
Pectus Excavatum: A condition where the chest cavity is sunken inwards, which is surgically corrected.
Pectus Carinatum: A condition where the chest protrudes outward, which is treated through surgical intervention.
Pectus Excavatum
Pectus Excavatum
Pectus Excavatum, commonly known as "Funnel Chest," is a condition that causes deformity in the chest wall. It occurs when the cartilage connecting the sternum (also known as the breastbone) to the ribs collapses inward. This condition can be seen in both adults and infants, and it is important to properly assess the symptoms associated with it.
Symptoms of Pectus Excavatum
Some patients complain about aesthetic concerns due to the deformity, while others may experience respiratory and heart problems caused by the condition. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue in children.
Causes of Pectus Excavatum
The exact cause of Pectus Excavatum is not known, but it is believed to have a genetic basis. The occurrence rate in individuals with a family history of the condition is about 40%. Therefore, children of families with Pectus Excavatum should be carefully monitored.
Diagnosis of Pectus Excavatum
The diagnosis process is carried out through a series of doctor visits. X-rays, computed tomography (CT), and echocardiography are commonly used methods in diagnosing Pectus Excavatum. After these tests, treatment options that positively affect the patient's health are considered.
Treatment for Pectus Excavatum
The treatment of Pectus Excavatum begins with the evaluation of the chest deformity. Surgery is often recommended based on the severity of the deformity. The Nuss procedure is a successful minimally invasive treatment option for this condition. This method is performed using a camera and is a minimally invasive surgical technique done through small incisions. It provides rapid and successful results, shortens the recovery time, and reduces the length of hospital stays. In some cases, treatment may also involve the use of a pump.
Pectus Carinatum
Pectus Carinatum
Pectus Carinatum is a condition caused by abnormal growth in the chest cavity. It is the second most serious issue after Pectus Excavatum, commonly known as "Funnel Chest." This condition occurs when the cartilage between the ribs and the sternum grows abnormally. It is typically seen asymmetrically but can sometimes be observed symmetrically.
Characteristics of Pectus Carinatum
Pectus Carinatum, also known as pigeon chest, is often associated with posture disorders. This condition typically develops between the ages of 11 and 15 and is more common in males. Early intervention is important for both diagnosis and treatment.
Cause of Pectus Carinatum
The exact cause of Pectus Carinatum is unknown, but several theories exist. There are still uncertainties regarding the precise nature of the issue. However, family history and potential risk factors are considered significant. Some theories suggest that abnormal diaphragm growth and volume issues in the rib cartilage may play a role. It is believed that this condition may be associated with growth problems in children aged 11-15.
Pigeon Chest Treatment
There are two main approaches to treating Pectus Carinatum: orthotic treatment and surgical intervention.
Orthotic Treatment: This approach is preferred when anatomical correction can be achieved with the help of an orthosis. The goal is to correct the chest cavity using this method.
Surgical Treatment: Special surgical methods such as the Abramson technique are used. Although open surgery is available, closed surgeries are generally considered more advantageous for both patient health and the comfort of the surgeon. The Abramson technique, similar to the Nuss technique used in Pectus Excavatum, restores the chest to its normal shape. This technique reduces the patient's hospital stay and accelerates the return to social life.
Early diagnosis and appropriate intervention are critical in achieving successful outcomes in the treatment of Pectus Carinatum.
Thymoma Surgery
Thymoma Surgery
Thymoma and the Thymus Gland
Thymoma surgery is a preferred method for treating tumors that occur in the thymus gland. The thymus gland is an organ that helps in the proper functioning of the immune system until puberty. After this period, the thymus gland shrinks and loses its function. However, growth and tumors in the thymus gland can seriously affect overall health.
Symptoms of Thymoma
Thymoma tumors can cause bronchitis-like coughs by pressing on the windpipe. In more advanced stages, they may lead to swelling and redness in the face. These symptoms may require serious surgical intervention.
Stages of Thymoma
The stages of thymoma play a crucial role in planning the surgical intervention. The stages are as follows:
- Stage 1: The tumor is confined to a limited area within a capsule.
- Stage 2: The tumor separates from the capsule and spreads to the surrounding fatty tissue.
- Stage 3: The tumor spreads to the windpipe, lungs, and blood vessels.
- Stage 4: The tumor spreads to the lung membrane and distant organs.
These stages are critical factors affecting the success of the surgery. Therefore, after diagnosis, it is essential to immediately determine the appropriate treatment method based on the stage.
Thymoma Surgery and Treatment Process
In the treatment of thymoma, determining the stage is fundamental to the treatment process. After the stages are identified, the appropriate treatment method is selected.
- Stages 1 and 2: The tumor needs to be surgically removed. Chemotherapy or radiotherapy is usually not necessary in these stages. Minimal invasive techniques like robotic surgery are used to achieve successful results.
- Stage 3: Chemotherapy is initially applied, followed by thymoma surgery.
- Stage 4: Due to the wide spread of the tumor, surgical intervention is generally not recommended. The treatment focuses more on supportive approaches and palliative care.
Thymoma surgery, with early diagnosis and timely intervention, can improve the patient's quality of life and be life-saving. Therefore, a quick and effective treatment process is essential for issues related to thymus gland tumors.
VATS Wedge Resection and Lung Biopsy
VATS Wedge Resection and Lung Biopsy
What is VATS?
VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery) is a technique used for various surgical procedures, such as lung biopsy. This method involves the use of a camera to view the inside of the chest cavity and perform surgical interventions with minimal damage. This precise technique is designed to increase patient comfort.
VATS Wedge Resection
VATS, also known as thoracoscopic surgery, is performed as a minimally invasive procedure. Small incisions are made, and the procedure is carried out with the aid of imaging systems and a monitor. Compared to open surgery, VATS involves smaller incisions and high-quality imaging, making it an ideal choice.
VATS Wedge Resection Lung Biopsy
VATS Wedge Resection, also referred to as lung biopsy, involves removing a wedge-shaped piece from the lung. This method is an effective option for addressing various health issues observed in the lungs. With VATS, it becomes easier to access and treat different areas of the lung, leading to more successful outcomes.
Advantages of VATS Wedge Resection Lung Biopsy
- Reduced Pain: VATS reduces the amount of pain the patient experiences during biopsy procedures.
- Improved Surgical Imaging: With the help of robots and imaging systems, VATS provides a wider range of motion and 3D imaging, allowing the surgeon to move with ease as if accessing the internal area directly.
- Minimally Invasive: With smaller incisions and a minimally invasive approach, recovery time is faster, and the hospital stay is shorter.
- Successful Results: Thoracoscopic methods provide more successful outcomes compared to conventional methods. Additionally, many other applications can be performed using this method.
